Cryptography

Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for securing communication and information by transforming it into a format that is unreadable to unauthorized users. It involves the use of algorithms and keys to encrypt (encode) and decrypt (decode) data, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Cryptography plays a crucial role in protecting sensitive information in various applications, including online banking, secure communications, and data protection. It encompasses various methods such as symmetric-key cryptography, where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, and asymmetric-key cryptography, which uses a pair of keys (public and private) for secure data exchange. The effectiveness of cryptography relies on the complexity of the mathematical algorithms used and the confidentiality of the keys, making it a vital component of modern cybersecurity.