Cryptography

Cryptography is the science and practice of securing communication and information by transforming it into a format that is unreadable to unauthorized users. It involves techniques for encoding and decoding messages to ensure confidentiality, integrity, authenticity, and non-repudiation of data. Cryptography uses mathematical algorithms to create cryptographic keys that are essential for encrypting (converting plain text into ciphertext) and decrypting (converting ciphertext back to plain text) information. This field is critical in various applications, including secure communication over the internet, digital signatures, secure financial transactions, and data protection. Cryptography can be divided into symmetric key cryptography, where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption, and asymmetric key cryptography, which uses a pair of keys (public and private) for security. Overall, cryptography plays a vital role in safeguarding sensitive information against unauthorized access and ensuring secure digital interactions.